Teej, which coincides with the arrival of the monsoon season, is a series of three interwoven holidays celebrated over the course of a month.
“Teej takes the general spirit of the monsoon as the rebirth of life and the season for love and applies them to recreating the story of the marriage of Shiva with his wife, Parvati, daughter of the Himalaya mountains,” said Steven M. Vose, a historian of South Asian religions and the Bhagwan Suparshvanatha Assistant Professor of Jain Studies at the University of Colorado Denver.
According to the hindu texts, Parvati was originally betrothed to the other major god in the Hindu pantheon, Vishnu. However, her heart was set on Shiva.
“Vishnu is a king and wears princely clothes and is a god of kingship and order. Shiva is an ascetic who wears animal skins and meditates in the mountains,” Vose said. “Parvati was so impressed by seeing him in deep meditation that she herself practiced meditation and asceticism for a long time until she finally built up so much ascetic power that she broke his concentration.”
The first of the three Teej holidays, known as Hariyali Teej (or Green Teej), celebrates Shiva’s agreement to marry Parvati. In Nepal and in many parts of India, married women return to their parents’ home, welcomed with gifts much like the ones they received for their wedding — jewelry, saris and other items for their home.
The second holiday, Kajari Teej, highlights Parvati’s dilemma: she must return home, is in love with Shiva, and they’ve agreed to marry — but she is already betrothed to Vishnu.
“This, the second Teej, leans into one of the most popular poetic tropes of the monsoon season, that is, the anguish of separated lovers,” Vose said. “On this holiday, women often sing songs to Shiva, expressing their longing to be (re-)united with him. The religious longing of the soul to meet God finds a rich and deeply emotional grounding in our world, when lovers are separated at a time when the world is green and full of life and the rains have made the days cool and pleasant — much like English poetry often celebrates springtime as the time for love there. Parvati is pining away for her beloved, Shiva.”
Finally, the most widely celebrated Teej, Haritaalika Teej, honors Parvati’s desperate attempt to be with her true love before she is married to the wrong man. Parvati’s female friends (aalika-s) abduct (harita) her from her father’s house and carry her off to be with Shiva. Moved by his daughter’s resolve, he agrees to their marriage and breaks things off with Vishnu.